How does the ESG-analysis work in practice?

How dose the ESG-analysis work in practice?

The foundation of what we do in the responsible investments team is ESG analysis.
我們在社會責任投資團隊中所做的工作，基本上是ESG分析。
ESG stands for environmental social and governance.
ESG代表環境、社會、和治理。

So, in practice, what we do is analyze companies on these parameters both in terms of business risks and opportunities.
因此，在實務中，我們所做的是在業務風險和機會方面分析這些公司的參數。

when I do the analysis and look at the environmental factors then focus areas of course, climate change.
當我進行分析並查看環境因素時，首要的關注點當然是氣候變化的區域。
I look at how the companies are affected or might be affected by climate change, and what they can do to reduce their impact, and how that will impact the company going
forward.
我會檢視這些公司是如何受到氣候變化影響，或可能會受到氣候變化影響的；以及它們如何減少影響，以及這將如何影響公司未來發展。

I think all companies should at least have targets related to reduction of energy consumption, and also related to increase their share of renewable energy. 
我認為所有公司都至少應該有與減少能源消耗相關的目標，並且還要增加他們在可再生能源中的份額。
I also think that the companies should look at how they can reuse and recycle materials in order to mitigate the risk that lack of resources will increase costs going forward.
我還認為公司應該考慮如何重複利用和回收材料，以減少資源缺乏會增加未來成本的風險。

Tamra is a norwegian company, providing recycling systems globally.
Tamra是一家挪威公司，在全球提供回收系統。

Tamra is interesting because they have a business model that really contributes to more sustainable development. 
Tamra很有意思，因為他們的商業模式是真正有助於實現更可持續的發展。

It was also clear when I met the company that sustainability is anchored on board level, and it's part of their strategy to optimize the use of limited resources.
當我遇到公司時，我們也清楚地知道可持續發展的決策是董事會的決定，而且這也是他們優化有限資源使用的策略的一部分。

On top of financial targets, they also have targets related to environment social and governance issues.
除財務目標外，他們還有與環境、社會和治理問題相關的目標。 

When we look into the social aspects of a company so the s in ESG, this could include a broad range of complex issues depending on where the company operates and what it does.
當我們研究ESG中的公司的社會方面時，這可能包括廣泛的複雜問題，具體取決於公司的運營地點和工作方式。
For example, we look at how a company addresses human rights and labor rights
in its operations or supply chain.
例如，我們研究一家公司如何在其運營或供應鏈中解決人權和勞工權利問題。

In terms of Human Rights, this might relate to how a company manages aspects such as land rights, community relocation issues, or doing business in conflict-affected
areas.
就人權而言，這與公司如何管理土地權，社區搬遷問題或在受衝突影響的地區開展業務等方面有關。

In terms of labor rights, this might relate to the extent to which employees can organize themselves, the risk of childhood forced labor, health and safety, working hours, and so on.
在勞工權利方面，這可能與員工組織自身的程度，童年強迫勞動的風險，健康和安全，工作時間等有關。

But additionally, we could also look at the extent to which companies produce
products and services that might meet societal needs.
此外，我們還可以了解公司生產的產品和服務可以從甚麼程度上去滿足社會需求。

A good example of company managing the s aspects very well is Novo Nordisk. 
Novo Nordisk是公司管理方面的一個很好的例子。

Novo Nordisk is a Danish pharmaceutical company with around 40,000 employees, it is also one of the leading companies in the world in regards to diabetes care. 
Novo Nordisk是一家丹麥製藥公司，擁有約40,000名員工，同時也是世界上糖尿病護理領域的領先公司之一。

For example, the company has adopted an equitable pricing policy for its diabetes products.
舉例來說，該公司對其糖尿病產品採取了公平的定價政策。

As part of the business model, this policy allows the company to gain a foothold in the least developed countries as defined by the UN.
作為商業模式的一部分，該政策讓公司在聯合國定義的最不發達國家得以進入。

In these regions, the company provides its three insulin products for 20% of the price offered in Western countries.
在這些地區，該公司提供三種胰島素產品，價格為西方國家的20％。

This enables the company to enter new markets, while helping millions of people in the struggle against diabetes.
這使公司能夠進入新市場，同時幫助數百萬人抗擊糖尿病。

As the head of corporate governance, I am responsible to represent everyone that owns an idea found in our continuous dialogue with the companies they own collectively through our funds.
作為公司治理的負責人，我有責任代表每個擁有一個想法的人，我們通過我們的資金與他們集體擁有的公司進行持續對話。

This is the G for governance in ESG.
這是ESG中的G--治理.

One way to do this is to have a continual dialogue with the companies on a broad range of subjects, like gender diversity on boards, remuneration, and incentive programs, or capital structure.
實現這一目標的一種方法是與公司就多元主題進行持續對話，例如董事會的性別多元化，薪酬，激勵計劃或資本結構。

The highest decision-making forum in Ana listed company is the Annual General Meeting, and we go to hundreds of those every year to voice our opinion.
在我們的上市公司中，最高決策是年度股東大會，我們每年都會有數百人發表意見。

Another important aspect of governance work is the nomination committee, which is a forum where large owners decide how the board the company should be constructed.
治理工作的另一個重要方面是提名委員會。 這是一個大型業主決定如何建立公司董事會的論壇。

Example
This is MTG, large Swedish media company based in Stockholm, and a company where I
am represented on the nomination committee. 
這是位於斯德哥爾摩的瑞典大型媒體公司MTG，以及我在提名委員會中的代表公司。

We meet the evaluate the board annually, we decide what competencies are needed, who should sit on the board, and who should be the chairman of the company.
我們每年都會對董事會進行評估，我們決定需要哪些能力，誰應該擔任董事會成員，以及誰應該擔任公司董事長。
 

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